Integrated Smart Ring Enables Real-Time Biochemical Monitoring
This study presents a fully integrated smart ring that measures multiple chemical biomarkers from osmotically extracted sweat without iontophoresis, validated for daily analysis in both healthy and type 1 diabetic indivi
Biochemical analysis complements biophysical measurements by capturing the underlying molecular and metabolic changes that drive physiological health. This paper introduces a compact, fully integrated smart ring capable of simultaneously monitoring multiple chemical biomarkers in real-time, marking a true biochemical counterpart to existing smart rings.
The device can continuously measure glucose, ketone, ascorbic acid, uric acid, lactate, and alcohol from passive osmotically extracted sweat. It is powered by custom-built high-capacity flexible Zn-AgO batteries and comprises ultra-compact, energy-efficient electronics for data processing and wireless transmission.
The ring can support approximately 12 hours of continuous monitoring and preserves personalized calibration stability for about two months. The simultaneous biomarker monitoring was validated under diverse daily settings. Reliable, continuous monitoring of glucose and ketone levels showed strong agreement with commercial blood meters and continuous glucose monitors in both healthy and type 1 diabetic individuals, confirming the ring's accuracy even for at-risk populations.
Overall, this device extends beyond commercial smart rings focusing on only biophysical signals by enabling continuous assessment of biochemical changes. The findings advance the development of next-generation personalized and miniaturized healthcare technologies. This research is intended for laboratory use only and does not constitute medical advice or clinical recommendations.