Combining Intelligent Biomaterials and Digital Medicine for Precision Intervention in Digestive Diseases

The gastrointestinal microenvironment integrates multiple factors, including epithelial barrier integrity, immune activation, microbiota composition, metabolic gradients, vascular remodeling, neural regulation, luminal pH, enzymatic activity, and mechanical stress. Current clinical management remains largely organized around episodic diagnosis, systemic pharmacotherapy, endoscopic assessment, and reactive treatment escalation. This paradigm is insufficient for diseases characterized by relapsing inflammation, barrier disruption, microbiome instability, and patient-specific trajectories. Recent advances in intelligent biomaterials, artificial intelligence, digital health, and digital twin modeling create an opportunity to rethink gastrointestinal disease intervention as a process of microenvironmental reprogramming. In this context, locally acting therapeutic interfaces capable of responding to various signals are being investigated. Artificial intelligence and digital medicine are also being developed to integrate endoscopic imaging, histology, multi-omics, symptoms, wearable data, microbiome profiles, and treatment history to support patient-specific decision-making. The key translational challenge is integrating digital interpretation with locally acting biomaterial interventions in clinically executable therapeutic systems.